Brain Genome - Pharmacogenomics Education Platform

    Pain Medication+ Genetics Report

    Understand what years of pharmacogenomics research may reveal about YOUR response to 29 pain medications including opioids, NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, and migraine treatments.

    $19.95
    Educational report — not a clinical test
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    Why Genetics Matter for Pain Medications

    Pain medications have critical evidence. Your genetics can dramatically affect whether a pain medication works — or poses risks.

    Codeine Safety

    CYP2D6 poor metabolizers cannot convert codeine to morphine — receiving no pain relief. Ultra-rapid metabolizers may convert too quickly, risking respiratory depression and overdose

    CPIC Guidelines

    Codeine, tramadol, and NSAIDs like celecoxib have CPIC Level A clinical guidelines recommending genotype-guided prescribing for safer pain management

    NSAID Metabolism

    CYP2C9 poor metabolizers may have higher NSAID blood levels, increasing risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and cardiovascular side effects

    7 Medication Categories Covered

    Your report covers 29 pain medications organized across these therapeutic categories

    Opioids

    Codeine, tramadol, oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine, fentanyl, methadone, buprenorphine

    CYP2D6 status critically affects codeine/tramadol activation (CPIC Level A)

    NSAIDs

    Celecoxib, ibuprofen, meloxicam, naproxen, diclofenac, piroxicam, ketorolac

    CYP2C9 poor metabolizers may have increased NSAID levels and side effects

    Neuropathic Pain

    Gabapentin, pregabalin

    Widely prescribed for nerve pain and fibromyalgia

    Muscle Relaxants

    Cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine, baclofen, methocarbamol

    CYP1A2 status affects tizanidine levels (CPIC guideline)

    Migraine Medications

    Sumatriptan, rizatriptan

    CYP1A2 and MAO-A pathway involvement

    MAT/Opioid Reversal

    Naltrexone, naloxone

    OPRM1 variants may affect naltrexone treatment response

    Other Analgesics

    Acetaminophen, lidocaine, aspirin

    CYP2E1 affects acetaminophen toxic metabolite formation

    Report Preview

    What You'll See for Every Medication

    Each medication in your report gets a complete, personalized analysis. Click any section below to see a preview using Codeine as an example.

    Report Sections

    Codeine(Tylenol #3)
    Opioid Analgesic
    Tier 1

    About Codeine

    Opioid prodrug that requires CYP2D6 activation to morphine for pain relief. Genetic variation significantly impacts efficacy and safety.

    Drug Class

    Opioid Analgesic

    Brand Names

    Tylenol #3

    Mechanism

    Mu-opioid receptor agonism (via morphine)

    Evidence Level

    CPIC Level A
    CPIC Guidelines FDA Labels PharmGKB
    Based on published research

    Key Genes We Analyze

    These genes have the strongest evidence for pain medication response

    CYP2D6

    CPIC Level A

    Codeine, tramadol, hydrocodone activation; oxycodone metabolism

    CYP2C9

    CPIC Level A

    Celecoxib, ibuprofen, meloxicam, piroxicam, aspirin metabolism

    OPRM1

    PharmGKB

    Opioid receptor — pain sensitivity, dose requirements, naltrexone response

    CYP1A2

    CPIC/FDA

    Tizanidine, cyclobenzaprine, sumatriptan metabolism

    CYP3A4

    PharmGKB/FDA

    Fentanyl, methadone, oxycodone, buprenorphine metabolism

    ABCB1

    PharmGKB

    Opioid transport across blood-brain barrier — morphine, fentanyl, methadone

    See a Sample Report First

    Preview what your personalized pain medications report will look like with our sample data

    View Sample Pain Report

    How It Works

    1

    Upload Your DNA

    Upload your raw DNA data from 23andMe, AncestryDNA, or other consumer tests. Your full file is processed locally -- it never leaves your browser.

    2

    Instant Analysis

    We match your genetic variants against published research from CPIC, PharmGKB, FDA labels, and peer-reviewed studies on pain medications.

    3

    Your Personalized Report

    Get a detailed report showing how your genetics may affect response to 29 pain medications, with evidence tiers and research citations.

    Best Value

    Get All 3 Reports for $49.95

    Mental Health + Cardiovascular + Pain — $59.85 Save $9.90

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    Is this a diagnostic test or medical advice?
    No. This is not a medical device, diagnostic test, or clinical service. This is an educational report that summarizes published pharmacogenomic research as it may relate to your genetic variants. It is not FDA-approved or clinically validated. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before making any medication decisions.
    What DNA tests are compatible?
    Our report works with raw DNA data from 23andMe, AncestryDNA, MyHeritage, FamilyTreeDNA, Living DNA, and most other consumer genetic testing services.
    How is my genetic data protected?
    Your complete DNA file is processed locally in your browser -- your full genetic file is never uploaded to our servers. We extract and store only the specific genetic variants (~1,000 SNPs) needed for pharmacogenomic analysis. We never sell or share your genetic information with third parties.
    Which pain medications are covered?
    The report covers 29 pain medications across 7 categories: opioids (codeine, tramadol, oxycodone, morphine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, methadone, buprenorphine), NSAIDs (celecoxib, ibuprofen, meloxicam, naproxen, diclofenac), neuropathic pain agents (gabapentin, pregabalin), muscle relaxants (cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine, baclofen), migraine medications (sumatriptan, rizatriptan), MAT/opioid reversal agents (naltrexone, naloxone), and other analgesics (acetaminophen, lidocaine, aspirin).
    Why is pharmacogenomics important for pain medications?
    Pain medications have critical pharmacogenomic evidence. For example, CYP2D6 poor metabolizers cannot convert codeine to morphine (its active form), potentially receiving no pain relief. Conversely, ultra-rapid CYP2D6 metabolizers may convert codeine too quickly, risking overdose. CYP2C9 variants affect NSAID metabolism, and OPRM1 variants may influence opioid sensitivity. Understanding your genetics can help your healthcare provider choose safer, more effective pain management strategies.
    Can I share this report with my doctor?
    Yes, you may share this report with your healthcare provider as a conversation starter. The report includes research citations that providers can review. This report is educational and does not replace clinical pharmacogenomic testing.
    How is this different from clinical pharmacogenomic testing?
    This is not a substitute for clinical pharmacogenomic testing. Clinical tests are performed in CLIA-certified labs with validated methodologies. Our educational report uses consumer DNA data to help you understand published research.
    What are the limitations of this report?
    Important limitations include: consumer DNA tests may not detect all clinically relevant variants; pharmacogenomics is only one factor in pain management; opioid response involves complex interactions beyond genetics; this report is not FDA-approved or clinically validated; never adjust pain medications without consulting your healthcare provider.

    Ready to Understand Your Pain Medication Genetics?

    Get personalized, research-backed insights about how your genetics may affect response to 29 pain medications. One-time purchase, instant access, lifetime updates.

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    Preview Sample Report

    Disclaimer: This report is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a medical device, diagnostic test, or clinical pharmacogenomic service. This report is not FDA-approved or clinically validated. All information is derived from publicly available research and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical consultation.

    Pain medications, especially opioids, carry serious risks. Never adjust, discontinue, or start any pain medication based on this report alone. Always consult your prescribing physician or pain specialist before making any changes to your pain management regimen.